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And it is called the greatest Eid of Allah because on this day the Almighty God has perfected the religion and completed the favor: {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.} (5:3)
It is called the greatest Eid of Allah because on this day the faith has been completed, referring to the following verse: {The desert Arabs say, "We have believed." Say, "You have not believed; but say [instead], 'We became Muslim,' for faith has not yet entered your hearts. And if you obey Allah and His Messenger, He will not deprive you from your deeds of anything. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."} (49:14)
Thus, Al-Walayah is the perfection of the faith as the Messenger of Allah (Allah's prayers be upon him and upon his holy Household) has said about the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) in the Battle of the Trench [Khandaq]: "The whole faith [Imaan] has confronted the whole polytheism [Shirk]."
Eid Al-Ghadeer is called the greatest Eid of Allah because all other Eids are celebrated by the hypocrites and the Muslims apart from Eid Al-Ghadeer, which is celebrated only by believers in affirmation of the word of the Messenger of Allah (Allah's prayers be upon him and upon his holy Household): "O Ali, only a believer will love you and only a hypocrite will hate you."
Historical view on Al-Ghadeer Event:
The noble Prophet (prayers and Allah's peace be upon him and his holy Household) headed in the last year of his blessed life to pilgrimage, to perform Farewell pilgrimage [Hajjat Al-wada'], so people flocked to Medina to join the prophetic convoy, their number has reached one hundred and twenty thousand, without counting those who joined them in the road from Yemen and Mecca.
After that all the rituals of pilgrimage have been performed, the Chosen Prophet (prayers and peace be upon him and his holy Household) decided to go back to Medina, on the way archangel Gabriel (peace be upon him) revealed to the holy Prophet {O Messenger, announce that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people. Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.} (5:67)
The divine order came so the Messenger of Allah (prayers and Allah's peace be upon him and his holy Household) nominate Ali (peace be upon him) Imam for the people, the successor and the guardian after him, and to inform the public about the revelation of his "Wilayah" to impose his obedience on every one.
The Great Prophet (prayers and Allah's peace be upon him and his holy Household), in compliance with the command of Allah, has stopped and sent for all people who have been ahead in the way, to come back and waited until all pilgrims who fell behind, arrived and gathered, as it was the time of the great advent in the Message's life, and its echo could remain in the hearts of the Ummah and in the history.
Where: Ghadeer Khum, a place where all roads divide to Medina, Iraq, Egypt and Yemen.
When: Eighteenth of the holy month of Dhu Al-Hijjah, the tenth year of the blessed Prophet's migration.
Why: Nomination of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) Commander of the Faithful and successor to the Messenger of Allah.
Who: The most honoured of the Prophets and messengers (Prayers and Allah's peace be upon him, his holy Household and all the prophets).
The host: The Master of Guardians and righteous Ali Ibn Abi Taleb (peace be upon both of them)
The attendance: Immense crowds of Muslims from various countries.
The Weather: Very hot, after the tiredness of performing the diverse rituals of the pilgrimage Hajj, so the event is memorable and unforgettable.
Shadows were stretched out on the trees, the camels' saddles were gathered to form a pulpit [Minbar], so the Messenger of Allah (prayers and Allah's peace be upon him and his holy Household) can mount it and his voice reaches all ears, saying:
"It seems the time approached when I shall be called away (by Allah) and I shall answer that call. Thus I am responsible and you are responsible, so what are you saying?."
Voices arose from every side: We testify that you have reported, advised and did the Jihad, may God reward you.
He (prayers and Allah's peace be upon him and his holy Household) then said: "Do not you testify that there is no God but Allah, and Mohammad is His slave and Messenger, and that His paradise is true, His hell is true, the death is true, the Hour is coming - no doubt about it - and that Allah will resurrect those in the graves.?"
They replied: "Yes, we testify that." Then he said: "O Allah you bear witness!"
Then he called: "O people. Don't you hear me?" They said: Yes. Yes.
He said: "Look how you will deal after me with the two weighty things!" A caller asked: And what are the two weighty things of Messenger of Allah?
He replied: "The greater weight is the Book of Allah (holy Quran). A part of it is in the hand of Allah and the other part is in your hands. If you hold fast on to it you will not deviate. The other weight and smaller is my progeny, the people of my House [Ahl al-Bayt]. The All-Aware Subtle Allah informed me that these two weights will not separate until they meet me by the Pond, and I wished this from Allah. So don't exceed from these two for you will perish and do not fall behind from these two for you will perish"
So the truth is bright and clear without any interpretation or distortion.
Then Prophet Mohammad (Prayers and Allah's peace be upon him and his holy Household) raised Imam Ali's (Peace be upon him) hands so that all people could see him beside Prophet Mohammad (Prayers and Allah's peace be upon him and his holy Household). Prophet Mohammad (Prayers and Allah's peace be upon him and his holy Household) asked the people: "O People, who is more worthy of the believers than themselves?"
People replied:"Allah and His Messenger!"
Prophet Mohammad (Prayers and Allah's peace be upon him and his holy Household) continued: "O People! Surely Allah is my Master, and I am the Master of all believers. He of whom I am the Master (Mawla), of him Ali is the Master (Mawla)".
He repeated this sentence 3 times.
And then the great prophetic supplication resonated: "O' God, be the Ally [Waali] of those who follow him [walaah] and the enemy of those who are enemy to him, love those who love him, and hostile to those who are hostile to him, give victory to those who give him victory and let down those who let him down." And " Turn the right with him wherever he turns."
The Prophet continued his historic sermon thus: "O people! I am calling for it to be an Imamate and a succession confined to my offspring till the Day of Judgment, and I have conveyed only what I have been commanded (by my Lord) to convey to drive the argument home against everyone present or absent and on everyone who has witnessed or who has not, who is already born or he is yet to be born; therefore, let those present here convey it to those who are absent, and let the father convey it to his son, and so on till the Day of Judgment...
O people! This is' Ali, my Brother, Wasi, the one who comprehends my knowledge, and my successor over my nation, over everyone who believes in me. He is the one entrusted with explaining the Book of Allah, the most Exalted One, the Sublime, and the one who invites people to His path. He is the one who does whatever pleases Him, fighting His enemies, befriending His friends who obey Him, prohibiting disobedience to Him. He is the successor of the Messenger of Allah and Ameer al- Mo'mineen, the man assigned by Allah to guide others, killer of the renegades and of those who believe in equals to Allah, those who violate the Commandments of Allah. Allah says, "My Word shall not be changed, nor am I in the least unjust to the servants" (Qur'an, 50.29), and by Your Command, O Lord, do I (submit and) say, O Allah! Befriend whoever befriends him (Ali) and be the enemy of whoever antagonizes him; support whoever supports him and abandon whoever abandons him; curse whoever disavows him, and let Your Wrath descend on whoever usurps his right...
O people! The noor from Allah, the Exalted One and the Sublime, flows through me then through ‘Ali ibn Abu Taleb then in the progeny that descends from him till al-Qa'im al-Mahdi, who shall effect the justice of Allah, and who will take back any right belonging to us because Allah, the Exalted and the Sublime, made us Hujjat over those who take us lightly, the stubborn ones, those who act contrarily to our word, who are treacherous, who are sinners, who are oppressors, who are usurpers, from the entire world...
O people! There shall be Imams after me who shall invite people to the fire, and they shall not be helped on the Day of Judgment. O people! Allah and I are both clear of them. O people! They and their supporters and followers shall be in the lowest rung of the fire; miserable, indeed, is the resort of the arrogant ones. Indeed, these are the folks of the sahifa; so, let each one of you look into his sahifa!
And they shall make the Imamate after me a property, a usurpation; may Allah curse the usurpers who usurp, and it is then that you, O jinns and mankind, will get the full attention of the One Who shall cause a flame of fire and brass to be hurled upon you, and you shall not achieve any victory!.."